1. Activity-based Therapies
Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury (SCI) has traditionally focused on utilization of spared musculature above the lesion and compensation for functional impairments. Knowledge from basic science has led to a new understanding of the complexity and roles of the central nervous system below the lesion in controlling movement.
2. Acute Flaccid Myelitis
In recent years, a novel form of acquired paralysis with a pattern of increased incidence biennially has been noted in children. Following the Center for Disease Control’s guidance in 2014 and 2016, this form of paralysis was termed Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM). AFM demonstrates a unique clinical presentation of motor paralysis frequently including the respiratory system but with preservation of the sensory system.
3. Neuromodulation
Via epidural or transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation is a promising adjunctive modality/therapy for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Stimulation raises the central state of excitability of the neuronal networks, i.e. the physiological state.